2023年成人高考高起点英语考点总结:名词
A、常见的不可数名词
1.Fluids(流体):
air空气,smoke烟,water水,oil油,ink墨木,juice果汁,
rain雨水,tea茶,coffee咖啡,wine酒,beer啤酒
2.Substances(物质):
paper纸,glass玻璃,wood木头,iron铁,chalk粉笔,
fruit水果,meat肉,beef牛肉,mutton羊肉,chicken鸡肉,
sugar糖,salt盐,rice米,sand沙子,dust灰尘,
gold黄金
3.Abstracts(抽象名词):
health健康,wealth财富,honesty诚实,friendship友谊,
wisdom智慧,attention注意力,luck运气,progress进步,
work工作,room空间,news新闻,information消息,
love爱,trouble麻烦,happiness幸福,silence寂静
4.Subjects(学科):
physics物理,chemistry化学,mathematics数学,history历史,
geography地理,English英语,biology生物,music音乐
B.、可数名词的复数形式
1.直接在词尾加-s,如desks,maps,cats,penscars,farms
2.以-s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的词加-es:glasses,classes,buses,boxes,foxes,watches,matches,brushes,dishes(例外:stomachs胃)
3.以-O结尾的词:
Negroes,heres,potatoes,tomatoes(有生命的名词加-es);
photos,pianos,kilos,radios,zoosstudios(无生命的名词加-es)
4.辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i再加es:
city-cities,story-stories,baby-babies,dictionary-dictionaries,
factory-factories,fly-flies,diary-diaries
但是,元音字母+y——直接+stoy——toys
5.以-f,-fe结尾的单词,去掉f,-fe再加ves:
knife-knives,wife-wives,life-lives,wolf-wolves,
thief-thieves,leaf-leaves
例外:roof-roofs屋顶,belief-beliefs信仰,gulf-gulfs海湾
safe-safes,handkerchief-handkerchiefs手帕
6.特殊变化:
man-menwoman→woman
child→children,tooth→teeth,
goose→geese鹅foot→feet,
mouse→mice,looker-on→lookers-on旁观者
passer-by→passers-by过路人,
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑,
man-doctor→mendoctors,
woman-doctor→womendoctors;
fish,deer,Chinese,sheep单复数同形。
C、只有复数形式的名词
1.下列名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:
clothes衣服,fireworks烟火,wages工资,thanks谢意,
remains残留物,sweets糖果
2.由相同两部分构成的名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:
scissors剪刀,glasses眼镜,trousers裤子,shoes鞋,
socks袜,gloves手套
这些名词如表示数量,要以pair为单位,如:
apairofshoes一双鞋twopairsofshoes两双鞋
apairofglasses一副眼镜twopairsofglasses两副眼镜
3.某些集合名词,本身即为复数,所以不能加-s,也不能以one,a,every等词来修饰,如:
thispeople(×)thesepeoples(×)thesepeople(√)
thatpolice(×)thosepolices(×)thosepolice(√)